Skip to main content

Table 3 Household income, consumption expenditure and catastrophic OOP healthcare expenditure at T1 and T2

From: The effect of expanded access to mental health care on economic status of households with a person with a mental disorder in rural Ethiopia: a controlled before-after study

Outcome Variables

Severe mental disorder(SMD) sub-study

Depression sub-study

SMD intervention

group

Comparison group

P value†

(change of changes; SMD intervention Vs. comparison)

Depression intervention

Comparison group

P value † (change of changes;

depression intervention Vs. comparison)

Income, Mean(SD) †

      

T1

5984.5 (23115.7)

6990.7 (22796.0)

 

4815.6 (4593.7)

6368.3 (6359.2)

 

T2

7355.1 (20401.1)

7452.7 (1771.9)

 

5981.3 (5168.2)

7383.3 (6572.9)

 

Change (T2 vs. T1)

1370.6 (9493.3)

462.0 (28402.7)

 

1165.7 (5413.4)

1130.8 (7449.3)

 

P-value(T2 vs. T1)‡

< 0.001

0.364

0.036

0.004

0.101

0.556

Consumption, Mean(SD) †

      

T1

10156.4 (8289.0)

10749.4 (8030.5)

 

10526.5 (7710.9)

13205.6 (10317.3)

 

T2

12414.4 (10130.5)

12803.4 (9380.4)

 

10969.0 (6105.1)

14091.8 (10498.6)

 

Change (T2 vs. T1)

2251.3 (7894.5)

2054.0 (10140.7)

 

442.48 (9266.9)

886.1 (10271.4)

 

P-value(T2vs. T1) ‡

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.920

0.141

0.167

0.956

COOPHE (≥ 10% of TC)

      

T1, % ( CI)

20. 3(15.2, 25.4)

15.6(9.0, 22.2)

 

19.6 (12.1, 27.1)

12.1(5.1, 19.2)

 

T2,% (CI)

9.0 (4.5, 13.5)

7.4(3.2, 11.6)

 

5.3 (0.7, 9.9)

4.1 (0.4, 8.6)

 

Change(T2-T1),%,CI

-11.2(-18.6, -3.9)

-8.2(-16.0, -0.3)

 

-14.2(-23.0, -5.4)

-8.0(-16.5, 0.3)

 

P-value(T2 vs. T1)

0.002

0.034

0.578

0.002

0.069

0.070

COOPHE (≥ 40% of NFC)

      

T1, % ( CI)

31.9 (26.0,37.8)

18.2 (11.1, 25.3)

 

25.2 (17.0, 33.4)

20.7 (11.9, 25.5)

 

T2,% (CI)

14.9 (9.3, 20.5)

10.5 (5.6, 15.5)

 

11.8 (5.2, 18.3)

9.5 (2.8, 16.3)

 

Change(T2-T1), %, CI

-17.0(-25.1, -8.8)

-7.6(-16.2, 0.9)

 

-13.4(-23.9, -2.8)

-11.1(-22.2,0.1)

 

P-value (T2 vs. T1)

< 0.001

0.074

0.144

0.015

0.056

0.779

  1. †=Birr; US$1 = Birr 20.69 (2015);COOPHE = catastrophic out-of-pocket health care expenditure, CI(confidence interval), IQR (Inter-Quartile Range);
  2. †Between-group(intervention vs. comparison) differences-in-differences (changes over time) were compared by means of the Wilcoxon rank-sum test(Mann–Whitney U test). ‡ Within-group differences (T1 vs. T2) were compared by means of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test; TC = total consumption; NFC = non-food consumption