Table 1 A high-level summary and comparison of the models of care across each of the typologies

Community-based alternatives

Crisis houses

Peer-led crisis houses

x

Clinical crisis houses

x

x

Non-clinical crisis houses

x

Specialist crisis houses

x

x

Intensive residential services

Residential rehabilitation services

x

x

Intensive supported housing models

x

x

Secure accommodation

Secure children’s homes

x

Secure training centres

x

Residences for the execution of security measures

x

Family placement schemes

Family sponsor homes

x

Shared lives

x

x

x

Therapeutic foster care

x

Geel family foster care model

x

x

Healing homes

x

Acute day services

General acute day units

x

x

Specialist acute day units

x

x

Enhanced acute day treatment

x

Home based crisis services

Crisis resolution and home treatment teams

x

x

Other intensive home treatment services

x

x

Intensive home treatment with optional brief inpatient admission

x

Homebuilders model

x

Emergency service linked models

Police and/or ambulance street triage

x

x

Clinician-only mobile crisis unit

x

x

Drop-in crisis services

Crisis assessment services

x

x

Lifeguard pharmacies

x

Mental health crisis hubs

x

x

Crisis cafes

x

x

Discharge transition support

Transition to recovery program

x

Supported discharge service

x

Hot-BITS

x

Peer-Bridger

x

x

Outpatient-based crisis services

Whole of service stepped care approach

x

x

Behavioural health crisis care clinic

x

General community services with crisis function

Enhanced case management

x

x

x

Enhanced community mental health teams

x

Early intervention models

x

x

Adolescent forensic community services

x

Intensive intervention and risk management services

x

Specialist community mental health rehabilitation teams

Specialist community mental health rehabilitation teams

x

Hospital-based alternatives

Models involving general hospital medical care

Enhanced psychiatric liaison services

x

x

Time limited admission to general medical wards with specialist community eating disorder team input

x

x

Brief stay crisis units

23-hour crisis stabilisation units

x

x

Behavioural assessment units

x

x

Psychiatric emergency service centres

x

x

Psychiatric observation units

x

Psychiatric decision units

x

Emergency psychiatric assessment, treatment and healing units (EmPATH units)

x

Inpatient psychiatric services

Services with a specific therapeutic model

x

x

x

Inpatient wards for specific groups

x

x

x

Short-stay acute inpatient wards

x

x

Ter beschikking stelling (TBS)

x

Cross-setting approaches

Open dialogue

Open dialogue

x

x

Peer supported open dialogue

x

Therapeutic communities

Therapeutic communities

x

x

x

Democratic therapeutic communities

x

x

x

Other cross-setting approaches

Need-adapted treatment

x

x

Specialist consultancy

x

x

The sanctuary model

x

x

x

Enabling environments

x

x

x

Wraparound with intensive services

x

x

Trieste

x

x

x

Multi-systemic therapy

x

Psychologically informed planned environments

x

Psychologically enhanced resettlement services

x

Offender personality disorder treatment services

x